Texto metavisual: a retextualização como possibilidade na construção dos enunciados das videoquestões do Enem em Libras

Abstract

The ENEM (National High School Exam) in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) is a milestone for the education of the deaf in Brazil due to the relevance of the exam, what it represents, and the dimension of which skills and competencies are required from candidates to do it. In this thesis, retextualization constitutes the construction of the wording of the ENEM videoquestions (VQs) in Libras from the years 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, with emphasis on the structural enunciative changes of the test to meet the differences in language modality, Portuguese Language - original language - with written mode, and Libras - target language of the retextualization process - with on-screen mode due to the use of video-signed Libras. Our main objective is understanding how the retextualization processes of the ENEM occur in Libras, and how the video-signed utterances are built when they are retextualized from written Portuguese to video questions in Libras. Its developments include (i) characterizing the constitutive aspects of the wording of the video questions under the perspective of retextualization; (ii) describing the retextualization processes that took place for the construction of the signed videos for the ENEM in Libras from the 2019 to 2022 editions; (iii) relating the retextualization processes described from the perspective of multimodality and multisemiotics, the visuospatial resources of the ENEM in Libras video questions when creating the Metavisual Text (MVT) resulting from a retextualization process with all the indispensable elements for its construction, the multimodal compositional elements, based on the Grammar of Visual Design (GVD) that incorporates translation in its process of creating the visual-spatial and multisemiotic strategies for its enunciative structure. Our theoretical framework included Marcuschi (1993, 2010), Travaglia (1993, 2013), Matencio (2003) Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996, 2006), among others. Our research methodology had a qualitative-quantitative approach (Minayo, 2009), of a descriptive-interpretative, exploratory (Gil, 2002, 2008) and digital documentary nature (Amaral; Viana; Natal, 2008), on a corpus with virtual documents (Kozinets, 2010) available on INEP’s official website and YouTube Channel. Our analysis included the section of the test titled Languages, Codes and their Technologies from the above mentioned years. The results indicate how the MVT is constructed, considering the textual mode, the visual-spatial resources, the enunciative textual structure, the compositional construction, and the linguistic and extralinguistic elements as constitutive aspects. Finally, it is evident that this study brings innovative contributions through understanding the ENEM in Libras as an accessible MVT; therefore, it can be used as a model and a possibility for creating verbal-visual didactic content, which can advance the education of the deaf in Brazil and their access to higher education.