Influência dos mecanismos das colhedeiras e do manejo da lavoura de soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) sobre as perdas na colheita e a qualidade das sementes.

Abstract

This su rvey was accom plished in 41 farms throughout Para ná State and had th e following objectiv e s : 1) To evaluate the level o f soybeans harvesting losses ; 2) to idenify the combine components w ich are responsible f o r the losses ; 3) To analyse the behavior of floating cutterbars as equipments to reduce the losses ; 4) To analyse the damages im parted to soybean see ds during harvestin g ; 5) To analyse the effect of the moisture contenton losses , seed v ig o r and germ ination by Standard and te tra zoliu mtests ; 6) To stu dy s tr u c tu r a l particularities o f soy_ bean plants which arerelate d to the losses . The results showed a level of 10,2% losses . The combine header was responsible fo r 84,8% o f the total losses ; threshing and separating losses took 12% and preharvest losses 3,2%. There was no statistical difference between the losses caused by flo a tin g and Standard c u tte r b a r s . The effect of m echanical damages on seed v ig o r and germination accom plished by tetrazolium teste presented highly significant differences when harvesting done by hands was aompared to th a t com bined. Moisture content levels lowev tha n 11,57o showed significantly different effects in all factors when compared to higher moisture content levels. Amona the studied plant characteristics the height of the first pod was responsible for the greatest losses.