SILVA, E. M.; SILVA, Elisângela Maria da.
Resumen:
Municipal solid waste are composed of large amounts of toxic materials to the
environment and public health. Regarding the organic solid waste, they are
easily degradable and may be classified as non-hazardous waste. However,
when these waste are not segregated at the source, they can aggregate toxic
particles and to change from nontoxic to toxic condition. In this context, this
study aims to evaluate the toxic potential of organic solid waste in a public
school of Campina Grande-PB. Toper forming the experiment did the
construction and instrumentation of a benchtop bioreactor, made of PVC pipe,
with a volume of 0.028 m3 and dimensions of 0.90m and 0.20m in height and
inner diameter, respectively. The bioreactor was filled with organic solid waste
from the restaurant at the State School of Middle Teaching Severino Cabral.
The monitoring was carried out from December 2013 to November 2014.The
samples were collected every two weeks to carry out the pH, total alkalinity,
ammonia nitrogen, phytotoxicity and leaching and solubilization tests. The
results indicated that the organic solid waste was classified as hazardous waste
(Class I)because they contain concentrations of metals such as Al, Fe and Mn
above the established by ABNT/NBR 10,004/2004. However,these metal high
concentrations did not influence the rate of germination and growth of tomato
(Lycopersicon lycopersicum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seeds along the
time tracking of waste in bioreactor. It was also observed in relation to the
toxicity of nitrogen ammoniacal which due to the low pH levels of the waste in
the form of ammoniacal, it prevailed in the bioreactor the ionized form (NH4+)
that is non-toxic. Principal Component Analysis indicated the formation of
groups, relationship and similarity between the parameters measured during the
waste biodegradation process. The identification of heavy metals above the
legislation limits confirmed the toxicity in the waste of the school.
