SANTOS, T. R. M; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9179174935724880; SANTOS, Thalita Regina Morais dos.
Abstract:
Several factors are associated with prematurity and this event is still a major problem in
obstetrics and neonatology, constituting one of the causes of neonatal morbidity and
mortality. From this perspective, understanding the occurrence of births and identifying
the factors related to prematurity is essential and allows the health system to promote
the development of actions aimed at trying to reduce the occurrence of premature births.
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and main factors associated with
premature birth in a maternity hospital in the highlands of Paraíba. An epidemiological,
documentary, retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out. The
study site was the Dr. Peregrino Filho Maternity Hospital, located in the municipality of
Patos-PB. The study's sample population consisted of medical records that registered
the occurrence of premature births between January 2022 and June 2022. All medical
records with records of premature births were included, and medical records with
incomplete records and inconclusive information were excluded. A thorough analysis of
the selected material was carried out, in which the data collected was organized in a
spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel 2007 software, structured with 09 variables, the aim
of which was to establish, by means of simple statistics, absolute values and
percentages, which were presented in tables and graphs and compared with the relevant
literature. Among the socio-economic variables, schooling stands out, with 71.04% of
parturients included in the low schooling group, a factor strongly linked to low
adherence to proper prenatal care. Also from this perspective, only 73 pregnant women
reported having undergone pregnancy monitoring, 42 of whom were in the high-risk
group and 43 medical records reported having had previous deliveries, with caesarean
sections being the most common. Considering the clinical obstetric data, at least 43
parturients had 2 or more associated complications, particularly urinary tract infection,
followed by preterm labor, severe pre-eclampsia and severe oligohydramnios. Among
the variables related to fetal vitality, the immaturity of the respiratory system stands out,
with 68 NB having respiratory distress, 37 of which required orotracheal intubation. In
addition, low birth weight is an important repercussion of premature birth, with 41 NB
classified as low birth weight, 17 as very low birth weight and 3 as extremely low birth
weight. It is understood that prematurity has a multifactorial cause, with serious
repercussions for the mother-baby binomial, and that adequate monitoring is therefore
necessary to ensure that pregnancy and birth occur with maximum safety for the mother
and the NB.