Avaliação de condições ambientais em instalações suinícolas no semiárido paraibano.

Abstract

They took place two experiments with the objective of evaluating thermal comfort, noise level, gases concentrations and air microbiology, in two swine creation hangars with lactic pigs (rainy station) and pigs in day care and termination phase (rainy and dry station). In both experiments dry bulb, humid bulb and black globe temperature was collected, during experimental phase, every hour. From those data air relative humidity and globe temperature and humidity index were calculated (ITGU). In first experiment, that maternity hangar was evaluated the entirely casualized outlining was used for statistical analysis, in order to be determined environmental parameters TA, ITGU and UR, with 11 treatments (h); 4 treatments (h) for gases; 6 treatments (h) for noise and air microbiology descriptive analysis. It happened significant effect (P <0,05) of the schedules on air temperature, air relative humidity and ITGU, that is, air temperature was out of thermal comfort strip for pigs and lactic womb; air relative humidity stayed in comfort strip and, in agreement with ITGU there was thermal comfort for pigs at 3.00 pm and for womb at 7.00 am. Hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations (H2S) were lower to 1 ppm; methane concentration (CH4) was lower to 0,1% in volume and the oxygen level (O2) it was 21% average. Medium levels and noise peaks obtained for studied schedules, they were below the tolerance limit related to the workers' exhibition according to NR-15, for 8 weekly h, of 85 dB (Manual of Work Safety and Medicine Legislation 2004). In respect to air microbiology, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mushrooms classes were found, considered allergic or infectious bearers susceptible to commit workers' health and animals acting, even in open facilities. In second experiment, rainy and dry stations day care hangar and termination, experimental outlining entirely hazard was used in environmental parameters analysis of the TA, ITGU and UR, in factorial scheme (2 x 11) in other words, 2 stations and 11 schedules; for gases in factorial outline (2 x 4), in other words, 2 stations and 4 schedules; for sound pressure level, 4 treatments (h) and, in air microbiology, descriptive analysis. It was observed that ambient temperature was in thermal comfort zone, just as for ITGU, in rainy period, while in dry period it happened the contrary of the rainy; the (H2S), (CO), (CH4), (O2) and (NH3) concentrations didn't surpass established limits for the norms NR-15 (1978), CIGR (1994) and ACGIH (2001), it could be considered a salubrious atmosphere. Noise and pick medium level was lower to one allowed by NR-15 norm. In air microbiological analysis, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mushrooms classes were found, also considered allergic or infectious bearers which could commit the workers' health and animals acting, even in open facilities.