Uso da psilocibina em pessoas com transtorno depressivo maior: revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) consists of a reduction in the function of the monoamines - the monoaminergic theory - that act on the Central Nervous System, namely serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, which are present in various brain circuits. In this context, Psilocybin, a psychedelic capable of mimicking the action of some of these monoamines, is currently in the spotlight for having demonstrated a satisfactory antidepressant effect, due to its chemical structure similar to serotonin and, therefore, with a similar mechanism of action, acting mainly on the 5HT2A receptor. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the therapeutic use of Psilocybin in the treatment of people with Major Depressive Disorder, in addition to comparing it with other substances and drugs traditionally used. Method: This is a systematic review without meta-analysis, using the Pubmed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, based on scientific articles published between 2014 and 2024, including randomized clinical trials. The descriptors (psilocybin, major depressive disorder and therapy) were used based on MESH and DECS to create the search formula. The inclusion criteria were studies on the use of psilocybin in patients diagnosed with MDD, independent age range, use of traditional treatments, without discrimination as to sex and/or race and/or nationality. Results: 27 articles were analyzed after eliminating duplicates, 17 of which were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, did not correspond to the topic or were inaccessible. These studies showed good therapeutic efficacy with the use of psilocybin, with few side effects, and with a better benefit compared to other widely used antidepressants, but there is still a need for other more comprehensive studies over a longer period of time, in order to consolidate this therapy. Conclusion: Psilocybin is an excellent alternative for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, over a period of one year - the maximum time seen in the studies analyzed - but there is still a need for other more comprehensive and in-depth studies on the subject, especially with regard to the side effects seen in some studies.