Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de lesões de pele em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Skin lesions in newborns are important due to the vulnerability of the skin in this age group, especially in the hospital context, where in the first month of life, approximately 80% of these babies admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) already have skin lesions. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence available in the literature about nursing care in the prevention of skin lesions in newborns treated in intensive care units. It consists of an integrative review of the literature, developed in the databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS) and the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) with the National Library of Medicine database, Online Medical Literature Search and Analysis System (MEDLINE/PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The inclusion criteria were: original articles, published from 2019 onwards, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Duplicate articles or those that did not relate skin changes to newborns were excluded. The Rayyan and PRISMA instruments were used as instruments, and the Joanna Briggs Institute instruments were applied to assess the methodological quality and level of evidence. The sample consisted of 14 articles, which addressed a population of newborns, and the main alterations found were: nasal septum injury, pressure injury, diaper rash, perineal injuries, multiple punctures, edema and erythema, partial and total loss of skin tissue, necrosis, skin lesions and injury due to the use of pulse oximeter and incubator temperature. There was a predominance of level of evidence 4, with descriptive observational studies. When affected, the newborn's skin results in more days of hospitalization. Care and treatments were associated with the prevention of skin injury in this newborn. Training for professionals is essential to ensure care based on a safe and effective level of evidence and thus enable more qualified care.