Vacinação infantil e os desafios enfrentados para adesão na perspectiva de mães e/ou cuidadores e profissionais de saúde.

Abstract

To understand the challenges in adhering to infant vaccination from the perspective of mothers and/or caregivers and family health professionals. Method: This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, supported by Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The study sample consisted of 37 participants, 11 health professionals (five nurses and six nursing technicians), nine community health agents and 17 mothers and/or caregivers. The research included mothers and/or caregivers of infants registered at one of the city's USF and who were able to understand and respond to the interview. The following were also part of: professional nurses and nursing technicians, and community health agents who were working in the aforementioned units. Mothers and/or caregivers and health professionals who, after scheduling, did not attend the interview after three attempts, who were on vacation or away from work for some reason, in the case of professionals, were excluded. Data collection was carried out from January to May 2024, through interviews guided by a semi-structured script, which were recorded. For data processing, the software Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, version 0.7, alpha 2, was used. Text analysis was carried out using the Descending Hierarchical Classification proposed by the Reinert method, followed by Bardin's content analysis. Results: A general corpus was obtained consisting of thirty-seven texts, separated into 704 Text Segments (ST), using 611 STs (86.79%), from which 24,752 occurrences emerged. In the dendrogram, the corpus was divided into a subcorpus: Class 6: Main precautions or recommendations regarding vaccination, with 80 ST (13.9%) and which was divided into the other Classes encompassing Class 1: Parental concern about the risk in relation to the vaccine, with 106 ST (17.35), 2: Vaccination availability in the unit's routine, with 74 ST (12.11%), 3: Communication between health professionals and the community, with 111 ST (18.17 %), 4: Structural element that makes vaccination difficult, with 120 ST (19.64), 5: Need for continuing education, with 120 ST (19.64). The results were expressed in two categories: Category 1. Vaccine hesitancy and strategies to contribute to adherence; Category 2. Communication in the vaccination process.Discussion: The study made it possible to understand the challenges faced by mothers and/or caregivers and health professionals regarding vaccination adherence in infants. Final Considerations: It is considered that the results can contribute to sensitizing health professionals and also managers about the need to adopt new strategies for vaccination adherence, providing health education for the population, continuing education for professionals, training of new professionals for the vaccination room.