Obtenção de filmes poliméricos a partir de nanocompósitos poliamida 6/argila bentonítica.

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites of polyamide 6 (PA6)/bentonite clay were obtained by melting by use of a MH-50H Homogenizer, with ratios of 1, 3 and 5 wt% clay. The bentonite clay was treated organically, so to make it organophilic. By X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was verified the efficiency of incorporation salt in the clay, making it organophilic. Rheological curves showed that the PA6 with without treatment clay (AST) nanocomposites, no change in torque when compared with pure PA6, where as for PA6 with organically treated clay (ACT) nanocomposites (ACT) were gradual changes as they increased the percentage of clay. Polymer films were obtained by pressing the hot for pure PA6 and its nanocomposites in proportions of 1, 3 and 5 wt% clay AST and ACT. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical characterization (tensile test). XRD results showed a morphological structure with lamellae of the clay exfoliated or partially exfoliated in the polymer matrix. By TG, was verified the thermal stability for the nanocomposites and by DSC, it was seen that the nanocomposites presented an increase in the crystallinity degree in relation to PA6. By SEM, it was observed a layer with dense characteristic with no pores at all compositions. For mechanical characterization, it was showed that the nanocomposites with AST, achieved superior results compared to the nanocomposites with ACT and PA6.