Ensino de geografia e cidadania no ensino médio em escolas integrais no estado de Pernambuco.

Abstract

Geography has an imperative role in the formation of the individual, in terms of content that encourages students to reflect on their spatial and social place in the world. This work presents research results with the objective of analyzing how Geography Teaching happens in High School in Integral Education (EI) schools, in the municipality of Tabira, Pernambuco (PE), located approximately 400 km from the capital, Recife, and what is its contribution to the citizenship formation of students in the 3rd year of high school. We used field, bibliographic and documentary research, of a qualitative nature, in the process of a comprehensive critical analysis of the chosen problem, according to the perception of students and teachers in the 3rd year of high school. Its importance is justified by the need to understand the impacts of Geography on schools within the current and recent model of Comprehensive Education, made up of specificities in comparison to traditional teaching parameters. The time frame of this study, carried out throughout the second academic semester of the year 2023, is made up of a spatiality that includes three schools located in the municipality of Tabira-PE: Reference School for Elementary and Secondary Education (EREFEM) Pedro Pires Ferreira, Reference School for Secondary Education (EREM) Professor Carlota Breckenfeld, Reference School for Elementary and Secondary Education (EREFEM) Arnaldo Alves Cavalcanti. These schools offer full secondary education through the State Education Network. In total, the study involves the participation of four teachers, one teacher from each school, and a total of 80 students from those schools. The results achieved show that, in terms of the teachers' perception, they believe that Comprehensive Education is positive for school education, as it allows the student more time in the school environment. However, there are challenges regarding continuing teacher training and a shortage of school materials, the physical structure necessary for the learning process. Regarding the students' perspective, it is evident that they understand the importance of the Geography discipline and the potential in their citizenship training, despite considering Comprehensive Education tiring, increasing psychological exhaustion and the accumulation of activities, causing sometimes, they give up their right to leisure in favor of studies. The research highlights that, despite the challenges identified, Geography maintains an indispensable role in the citizenship formation of students. This role is enhanced when methodologies are adapted to include more participatory and contextualized approaches, appropriate to the students' reality.