Avaliação do efeito antioxidante e de toxicidade de extratos vegetais de espécies encontradas no município de Cuité - PB.

Abstract

The vegetation of the Caatinga presents native plant species or those that have been adapted in between, these present different physiological and anatomical mechanisms that are used for resistance to the conditions of this Biome. Among the plants found in the Caatinga and which are widely used include Anacardium occidentale L, Punica granatum L., Momordica charantia L. and Bauhinia cheilantha. The objective was to analyze, in a qualitative way, the profile phytochemical from ethanolic plant extracts from the leaves of species commonly used by population of the municipality of Cuité-PB, in addition to estimating the toxicity and properties antioxidants from these extracts. For this, Anacardium plants were collected occidentale L., Punica granatum L., Momordica charantia L. and Bauhinia cheilantha. They were extracts from each plant were obtained through the maceration technique, which were later Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyzes were carried out on the extracts to identify the presence or absence of metabolic groups, in addition to determining the antioxidant profile. In this study, it was observed that the extracts are rich in bioactive compounds, however the extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. and Punica granatum L. stood out, presenting high levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in addition to significant antioxidant activity by FRAP and ABTS assay. With regard to the toxicity test against brine shrimp, the Anacardium occidentale L. leaf extract reduced the viability percentage of artemias to 73.64 ± 2.2% and 55.68 ± 2.2%, when compared to the control (106.6 ± 1.2%), at concentrations of 0.8 ¿g/mL and 1.6 ¿g/mL, respectively (p<0.05). However, the extract of Punica granatum L. leaves did not demonstrate toxicity to microcrustaceans in concentrations tested (<1.6 ¿g/mL), when compared to the control (106.6 ± 1.2%) (p>0.05). In terms of hemolytic potential, it can be observed that the extract from the leaves of Anacardium occidentale L. showed toxicity to red blood cells at the highest concentrations tested, making it possible observe an increase of 15.99 ± 1.1% and 47.13 ± 2.9% of hemolysis, for concentrations of 0.8 ¿g/mL and 1.6 ¿g/mL, when compared to the negative control (0.91 ± 0.1%) (p<0.05). Regarding the extract from the leaves of Punica granatum L., it was found that the extract from the leaves of Punica granatum L. showed a low percentage of hemolysis, equivalent to the negative control with 0.91 ± 0.1% of hemolysis (p>0.05). Thus, it is possible to conclude that the extracts of Plant leaves found in the Cuité region present a variety of metabolites secondary. In addition to highlighting the importance of phytochemical and biological investigation of plant species, as they can provide subsidies for the use and potential economical application of new natural products.