Avaliação dos efeitos do El Nino na pluviometria e nos sistemas hídricos do Cariri Ocidental Paraibano com utilização de geotecnologia.

Abstract

Geoprocessing has become an important tool for spatializing and monitoring natural resources, especially water resources, due to the possibility of acquiring data on large geographical areas, most of which are free of charge. In the light of the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of El Niño events, especially mega events, on rainfall and water systems in Western Cariri, through geoprocessing techniques. The acquired data were of orbital nature (multispectral images of the Landsat satellites 5 and 8); (municipal population, population density, profile of municipalities, GDP and HDI) and rainfall. The organization and the treatment of the diverse information were realized with the aid of Geographic Information System (Spring 5.3), obtaining also a multitemporal database. Geotechnology tools were applied in the mapping of the water resources of the western Cariri micro region, and the results were analyzed in conjunction with the rainfall data, spatially and temporally (1990 to 2017). The results showed that there was a decrease in precipitation during the years that occurred El Niño of strong intensity, causing significant changes in the average annual rainfall regime of the studied area. There was also a significant reduction in the area occupied by water bodies, mainly in the last seven years. The information obtained and methodologies applied in this work can collaborate and subsidize public policies in the decision making on the recovery, management and or use of this resource both in the Western Cariri region of Paraíba and in the other semiarid areas.