FARIAS, E. S. B.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6569557243555779; FARIAS, Ezequiel Sóstenes Bezerra.
Abstract:
The function of Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) is to protect water resources,
landscape, biodiversity, geological stability, and soil. The research sought to evaluate the
degradation process and apply techniques to recover degraded areas in the municipality
of Camalaú-PB, in the Upper Course of the Paraíba River, Brazilian Semi-Arid. Different
techniques were used: 1st) Analysis of the temporal behavior of the vegetation cover of
the municipality of Camalaú-PB between 1985-2020, using remote sensing, based on
MapBiomas, and statistical analysis by Mann-Kendall and Pettit; 2nd) Soil management
and conservation as a strategy for recovering degraded areas by constructing contour lines
and contour lines using tree pruning, stones, and used tires and then implementing
agroforestry systems; 3rd) Mapping of soil fertility in the recovery process through a
simplified parametric model of natural soil fertility using geoprocessing; 4th) Evaluation
of soil moisture profile in managed and degraded areas of a semiarid region determined
by the greenhouse and electric oven methods, in which the data were analyzed using R®
software through the longitudinal mixed effects model.; 5th) Analysis of the biometric
parameters of development of
11648 correlating with the variables collection time,
precipitation and topographic elevation. The spatiotemporal change of the Caatinga
Biome over the 36-year series in the municipality of Camalaú-PB was influenced by
several factors, such as use and occupation, management practices adopted by farmers,
type of exploration and climate change. The areas susceptible to desertification in the
study area increased. The mechanical practice with stone cords and tires, in addition to
helping to control the erosion process, also enabled the formation of seed banks. The
cultivation of agave on contour lines allowed the formation of cordons that blocked the
speed of water and helped its infiltration, preventing the erosion process. In the
agroforestry system, the species of mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC) and elephant ear
palm (Opuntia stricta Howard) presented the highest survival rates. The low content of
P, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, and organic matter (OM), combined with the high Potential Acidity
(H++Al3+) and total CEC influenced the classification of the natural fertility of the soils
as Very Low and Low. The lower altitudes showed greater soil water retention at all
depths. The degraded area presented lower moisture levels at the depth of 0-10 cm
compared to the managed area. The cultivation of palm and agave promoted greater water
retention in the soils in the managed area. The production of the Embrapa 11648 Hybrid
agave cultivated in contour lines as a mechanical-vegetative practice in sloping areas and
in the recovery process showed positive results regarding plant growth and development.
