Deflexão da luz e lentes gravitacionais em espaços esfericamente simétricos.

Abstract

The concept of gravitational lensing helps us understand how the gravity of massive compact objects deflects light from distant stars, resulting in distorted and magnified images. Thus, gravitational lenses provide information about the curvature of spacetime around compact astrophysical objects such as neutron stars, galaxies, black holes, wormholes, etc. In this work, we consider spherically symmetric, static, and asymptotically flat spacetimes, and explore fundamental concepts of General Relativity to obtain the necessary expressions (deflection angle of a particle subjected to the gravitational force), in the limits of weak and strong gravitational field. We examine the conditions for this optical phenomenon and provide a visual representation for the cases of a Schwarzschild black hole and a Reissner Nordström black hole. To analyze the optical properties associated with these specific types of black holes, we plot the trajectories of the curves corresponding to the paths of light around the black hole for different impact parameters, using the graphical representations of the Mathematica software. We hope that this study of optical phenomena due to the gravitational effects that influence the trajectory of light around black holes will bring an understanding of the observational evidence of these objects that is available to the scientific community today.