Tratamento e avaliação de resíduos sólidos perigosos após estabilização por solidificação (E/S).

Abstract

Dangerous solid wastes are particularly worrying because when it is incorrectly managed becomes a serious threat for the environment. One way to treat dangerous solid wastes is the technology of Stabilization by Solidification that promotes the contaminants retention and immobilization in a solid matrix. The main purpose of this work was to realize a treatment and then evaluate environmentally the materials contaminated with heavy metals after the process of Stabilization by Solidification. This work had the main focus: determine the influence of factors (type of treatment and percentage of synthetic solid waste); convert the rank I (dangerous) synthetic solid waste into rank II (A or B); evaluate the retention efficiency of lead heavy metal, as well as the retention efficiency in the matrix and the metal mass balance. To realize this work, was adopted a factorial design 22 with two repetition. The factors adopted were: percentage of wastes (10 and 20%) and type of treatment (open air and water). The work was divide into the following steps: experimental planning, preparation, characterization and classification of synthetic solid waste, preparation of specimens, evaluation of materials stabilized by solidification, contaminants retention evaluation, final disposal routes and the mass balance. The results showed that the cure of treated material in the water S/S provided greater resistance to compression, best result for the capacity of water absorption and lower release of the amount of lead in the leaching test. It can conclude that the treatment cured in water with 20% of synthetic solid waste obtained the highest efficiency (85,06%) and higher attenuation of heavy metal (13,91g), indicating that there was a treatment and not a dilution of the synthetic solid waste containing lead in the mass of the binder. The evaluation criteria showed that the materials contaminated with the lead metal after the S/S process was reduced and mitigated, except for the treatment cured in the open air and with 20% of synthetic residue. It can be seen that the Stabilization by Solidification was adequate to treat the dangerous residue in a cement matrix under different curing conditions and contaminant percentage.