GADELHA, S. B.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7049010924361048; GADELHA, Sabrina Batista.
Resumen:
Riparian forests, as well as macrophytes, play fundamental roles on the banks of aquatic bodies
in the Brazilian semiarid region, acting in the preservation of biodiversity and quality of water
resources, favoring the maintenance of these ecosystems. In view of this, the present study had
as its main objective the floristic survey of the riparian forest and macrophytes present in the
Açude Grande, located in Sítio Santa Gertrudes, municipality of Sousa - PB. For this purpose,
monthly excursions were carried out between August 2023 and August 2024, to collect fertile
botanical material and photographic record of the species, intended for the production of
photographic planks. Subsequently, the collected material was herborized for deposit in the
scientific collection of the Lauro Pires Xavier Herbarium (JPB), of the Federal University of
Paraíba (UFPB). Morphological analyses for the identification of taxa were carried out in the
botany laboratory of the Teacher Training Center (CFP) - Federal University of Campina
Grande (UFCG), with the aid of stereomicroscope and specialized bibliographies. Then, the
confirmation of the names through consultations with online databases and experts. The
indication of the origin of the species and their respective geographic distribution followed the
Flora and Funga of Brazil, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature for the
classification of extinction risks. As a result, four species of macrophytes and 48 species in the
riparian forest were recorded, totaling 52 taxa, distributed in 46 genera and 24 families, with
Fabaceae (8) being the most representative family. As for the genera, Solanum (Solanaceae)
stands out with three species, with a predominance of genera that presented only one species
(41). Regarding the habits, the herbaceous was the most dominant (24), compared to shrubs (9),
subshrubs (7), trees (7) and climbers (5), however, it is suggested that the preeminence of herbs
is related to the greater number of collections of this size in periods of greater water availability.
There was a considerable richness of native species (41) when compared to naturalized species
(10) and species of cultivated origin (1), in addition to the significant number of endemic
species (5). Regarding the risk of extinction, all the species recorded are listed as being of little
concern. Regarding the geographical distribution, they present a wide disposition, since 17.3%
of the species occur in all regions of Brazil, 63.5% in the entire Northeast and 94.2% are
registered in the state of Paraíba, in which Borreria tenella was considered as a new record.
Thus, the present work found a relevant diversity of taxa. However, It was presumed that the
low rainfall and the high rate of anthropization may have interfered with the results obtained.
In addition, the predominance of native species and the index of endemism show the local
wealth, which has been constantly degraded. Thus, it is concluded that the results achieved
provide fundamental information that, in addition to generating subsidies for new studies on
the flora of the Caatinga, especially in the riparian forests, may collaborate with the
development of projects for the recovery and conservation of these environments, promoting
the valorization and conservation of regional biodiversity.
