Modelagem numérica da distribuição de energia espectral de blazares detectados em raios gama.

Abstract

Active galaxy nuclei (AGNs) are galaxies whose nucleus emits a huge amount of energy with a non-thermal (non-stellar) spectrum. These astrophysical objects are among the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. Numerous subclasses of AGNs have been defined based on their observed characteristics. Among them, we have the blazars, which emit relativistic jets oriented towards the Earth. These jets are beams of ionized matter accelerated close to the speed of light, which radiate energetically across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Modeling the radiation emission spectrum of blazars through radioactive processes of relativistic charged particles allows us to derive the spectral distribution of non-thermal energy from these sources, to infer information about the particle acceleration mechanisms at the source, as well as to investigate the composition of the jet. Blazars emit radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to the highest energy gamma rays. The observation of high-energy gamma rays by several detection experiments shows that blazars can accelerate particles to ultra-relativistic energies. However, the physical mechanisms responsible for accelerating particles to very high energies are still not well understood. Understanding such mechanisms is fundamental since the production of the highest energy radiation is associated with the acceleration processes of the ultra high-energy cosmic rays, as well as the production of neutrinos. Comparison of multiwavelength observations of blazars with numerical models that calculate radioactive emissions from the source represents the main tool for probing the microphysics inside the source and its physical parameters (such as the radiation emission region and the particle content). Therefore, this research work aims to investigate the spectral energy distribution of AGN sources detected in gamma rays.