Estudo comparativo entre subestações digitais e subestações convencionais.

Abstract

This work presents a study on merging units (MUs) and their role in the modernization of transmission substations, with a focus on the transition from conventional to digital models. It begins by discussing the operation of the electric power system, transmission auctions, and the role of the ONS and its Grid Procedures. Then, it details the main equipment and busbar configurations used in substations, emphasizing the most common arrangements in the Brazilian transmission grid: single breaker with four switches and breaker-and-a-half schemes. The IEC 61850 standard is explored as the foundation for interoperability among Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), enabling substation digitalization. In this context, merging units are introduced as key components at the process level, responsible for converting analog signals into digital data. Finally, a case study compares a conventional substation with the digital substation of Nghi Son, highlighting the advantages of digitalization in terms of cost reduction, space optimization, and operational efficiency.