Aplicação da adsorção utilizando casa da palma forrageira ( Opuntia ficus) como adsorvente na descontaminação de corpos d'água e da técnica de biopilhas para o solo, contaminados com gasolina.

Abstract

Environment has been suffering from problems that affect water resources and soils, compromising their quality. There are many factors that contribute to environmental pollution, among them petroleum industries, which are considered worldwide as one of the sectors that provides most contamination of environment. Throughout their production process, these industries are responsible for generating huge amounts of solid waste, directly damaging survival of life on the planet. The objective of this work was to use bark of cactus pear forage, a typical species of northeastern semi-arid region, as an adsorbent, and biopill system for removal of hydrogen carbonate contaminants (gasoline) present in wastewater and for recovery of contaminated areas by same pollutant. To develop adsorption tests, a gas/water dispersion was prepared to simulate contaminated effluent, using as adsorbent bark of cactuss pear forage in the particulate form, performing kinetic and adsorption equilibrium analyzes on a scale of 5 to 60 minutes . For development of biopiles, it was used clay soil, manure, shelled palm, eggshell and efficient microorganisms and gasoline was added to simulate contaminated area, evaluating potential of biopiles in the recovery of polluted area during 89 days, monitoring temperature, humidity, pH, besides performing analyzes such as Colony Forming Units, determination of presence of biosufactant, biodegradation using DCPIP indicator and ecotoxicity tests. Kinetic and equilibrium analyzes show that cactus pear forage bark as adsorbent was able to reduce a maximum pollutant concentration of 7.04 g.g-1 in 60 minute time. Temperature, humidity and pH of biopiles remained within ideal conditions of metabolization of microorganisms, varying between 28 and 39 °C, 10.77% and 24.05%, 6.4 and 7.73, respectively, besides promoting formation of CFUs and biosurfactants. Colorimetric test using biodegradation of DCPIP indicator and ecotoxicity test using bean (Vigna unguiculata) seeds and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from germination index, obtained satisfactory results, evidencing soil recovery. Thus, adsorption method using cactus pear forage bark as adsorbent and bioremediation through Biopilhas system presented results that demonstrate efficiency in the reduction of gasoline in water and soil.