Influência do substrato e inoculação micorrízica na produção de mudas para a agricultura familiar campesina.

Abstract

In the Brazilian semiarid region, environmental factors limit productivity, so the use of sustainable practices that contributes to the increase of agricultural and forestry production is of extreme relevance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the difficulties faced by family farmers in soil conservation and agroecological production, as well as to assess the effects of vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMAs) on the production of Spondias tuberosa seedlings and soil quality. For this, a socio environmental questionnaire (21 questions) was applied to farmers of the São Francisco community, Teixeira-PB and experiments were conducted with S. tuberosa in the greenhouse of UFCG, Patos-PB. The experiments were performed in autoclaved soil (SA) and natural soil (SN) conditions. The design in each experiment was entirely randomized with six treatments: three doses of vermicompost (V0%, V25% and V50%), two treatments of FMA inoculation (with inoculation and without inoculation) and five repetitions. Height, diameter, number of leaves, MSPA, MSRA, MFPA, MFRA and the estimation of leaf area were evaluated. For the soil samples, chemical (pH, P, K+, Na, Ca2+Mg2, H+Al3+, organic carbon) and microbiological (RBI, RBS, CBM, qCO2, qMIC, activity o f P-glycosidase, phosphatase, arylufatase and number of glomerospores) characteristics were evaluated. The results obtained from the socio-environmental questionnaire showed that 87.5% of the farmers have always lived in the community and that all respondents have land ownership. In relation to agro-ecological production, the farmers consider that it positively affects their quality of life, about 80% said they use sustainable practices for soil conservation. In relation to the SA experiment, the seedlings show better development (height, diameter and number of leaves) with the addition of V25, V25+FMA, V50 and V50+FMA. For MSPA, MSRA, MFPA, MFRA and leaf area estimate, the treatments V25, V25MIX and V50 promoted the best results. For the SN experiment, the increase in leaf number occurred in V25 and V50, while the other variables were not influenced by the treatments. For the chemical characteristics of the soil, the application of vermicompost combined or not with AMF increased the content of Na, P, Ca+Mg, CO, pH and decreased K in SA and SN conditions. Regardless of soil condition, CBM, RBS, RIS increased with the addition of V50 and V50+FMA. The qCO2 and qMIC were strongly influenced by vermicompost addition and the number of spores showed no variation among treatments in SA and SN. In general, the V50 treatment stimulates the activity of enzymes in SA, especially arylsulfatase, while in SN, the response of enzymes is influenced by the application rate and presence or absence of FMA. Thus, it was possible to observe that most farmers take care of the land using sustainable management practices, which promote the ecological balance between nature and man. And, for the experimental part in SA and SN, V25+MAF showed promise in relation to the growth of S. tuberosa seedlings, while V50 and V50+MAF promoted significant changes in the biological functioning of the soil that need to be better investigated in long-term experiments. Keywords: Biofertilizers, family f