Avaliação dos riscos em ambientes de trabalho em marcenarias na cidade de Patos-PB.

Abstract

Carpenters are exposed to numerous risks of accidents and besides the sharp objects and inappropriate postures, activities in carpentry shops are prone to present noise in excess and in limits above those allowed by the current legislation of occupational health and hygiene. So, it is necessary to carry out studies to analyze the main postures adopted by operators, through the use of ergonomic methods, to verify the level of noise to which individuals are subjected and to verify the physical arrangement of these companies. In this case, 3 (three) carpentry shops were analyzed, "A", "B" and "C", in the city of Patos-PB, in which the layout, noise level and operator posture in the machines were evaluated: circular saw, sander, straightener, drill, router, square saw, lathe. The ergonomic methods used for posture evaluation were: Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Boby Assessment (REBA). To analyze the layout, the dimensions of the companies were measured and a floor plan was drawn up. To verify the noise level, a digital decibel meter was used. The lack of planning of the physical arrangement and the limited space allocated for the production of products implies the difficulty of transporting raw materials, due to the accumulation of debris. As for the evaluation of the postures adopted, by the OWAS method, it was identified that in the squaring machine (76%), straightener (70%) and sander (56.67%), the worker stays a good part of his working day in front of these machines with hunched back, standing with weight on one leg stretched (4131), with the need for change in the near future. For REBA, the machines that presented the most harmful situations with a high degree of risk, represented by the category (3), by the aforementioned method were the square grinder (342242112); (232231112), sander (342231112), straightener and router (342232112), requiring posture correction as soon as possible. As for the RULA method, the sliding table saw and router obtained the maximum action category (4). The square-milling machine was represented by the positions (433143222), (323142222), (333142222). And for the router (332143221), in these positions there is a need to change postures immediately, according to the RULA method. The machines that presented the highest noise levels were the circular saw (99.79 dB "A"), followed by the straightener (91.64 dB "A") and sander (91.12 "A"). Thus, it is indicated that these machines are separated from the others for better noise dissemination. In these cases of noise levels above the allowed, it is necessary to use personal protection equipment, more precisely the ear protection. As a recommendation, periodic maintenance is indicated, such as lubrication and replacement of parts, in order to prevent and improve the useful life of the machinery, as well as reduce the noise level. It is noteworthy that the drilling and router machines with (84.08 dB "A") and (84.83 dB "A"), are in accordance with the noise level allowed by the current legislation which is 85 dB "A".