Técnicas de gestão de inventário: fundamentos teóricos, aplicações práticas e tendências emergentes.

Abstract

Efficient inventory management is essential for organizational performance, driving the pursuit of inventory techniques that reduce costs and increase process accuracy. In this context, this study maps and analyzes the main inventory techniques, divided into traditional and modern approaches, based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The research was conducted in the Scopus database through the CAPES Journal Portal, made available by the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), covering publications from 1971 to 2025. This extended time frame was necessary due to the limited availability of publications on the topic in the selected database. The SLR was carried out using keyword combinations such as inventory management techniques and inventory optimization techniques, focusing on publications in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The selection process was structured with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, using two screening stages: title and abstract analysis. In total, 12 techniques were mapped—6 traditional and 6 moderns. Each technique was assessed in terms of its concept, implementation steps, advantages, disadvantages, and applicable sectors, followed by comparative analyses among the studied approaches. The results show that traditional methods, such as FIFO and LIFO, remain widely used due to their simplicity and low cost, while advanced approaches, such as Machine Learning, AI, Blockchain, and IoT, are on the rise, particularly in the logistics and technology sectors. Based on the analyses, it is concluded that the evolution of inventory techniques is a continuous and essential process for the operational efficiency of companies. Thus, this study provides a detailed overview to support organizations in choosing the most suitable approach, balancing accuracy, economic feasibility, and implementation capacity according to the specific needs of each sector.