O acontecimento discursivo feminicídio na mídia: entre a reprodução e o deslocamento da/na memória do patriarcalismo

Abstract

This dissertation aims to investigate, considering the theoretical and methodological framework stemmed from Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis, the discursive operation of femicide on Facebook pages of the Mainstream Media (MM) and Alternative Media (AM). It also seeks to understand the reproduction and/or displacement of memory effects of patriarchalism in the constitution of feminicide-discursive event. To this end, we adopted as the main analytical categories the concepts of memory (Pêcheux, 2005 and 2015), discursive place (Grigoletto, 2007) and discursive event (Pêcheux, 2015; Indursky, 2003; Orlandi, 2017). We also draw upon the contributions of feminist studies through the conceptualization of patriarchy (Lerner, 2019; Saffioti, 2015), feminist theory of violence (Vergès, 2021) along with the history of the fight against gender-based violence (Pasinato, 2011; Segato, 2003, 2018). Our research has a discursive approach, and our corpus is classified as archival type (Courtine, 2014). The corpus was constructed from posts on Facebook pages which are representative of discursive places of the MM - G1 e Cidade Alerta (CA), and of the AM - Carta Capital (CC) e Pragmatismo Político (PP). Our corpus also included comments posted by Commentating-Subjects (CS) on the posts analyzed. In analyzing the corpus, we considered the modes of signification of ideological objects such as feminicide victims, feminicide perpetrator and feminicide. We analyzed 514 posts (from media profiles and commentating-subjects) posted between 2015, the year of the implementation of Law No. 13104/2015 regarding feminicide, and 2024, the year prior to the defense of this dissertation. We observed with this research that each ideological object is signified through the effects of reproduction and displacement of meanings from the discursive memory of patriarchalism in both MM and AM. However, MM pages tend to reproduce the meanings of the discursive memory of patriarchalism when discursivizing the feminicide-event, while the AM ones have regular displacement of meanings. We also noted that by taking the news of feminicide to Facebook, MM and AM take up, tension and confront meanings from the discursive memory of patriarchalism regarding the murder of women on the grounds of gender. In this manner, the feminicide-discursive event in the news media is constituted by the displacement of the discursive memory of patriarchalism when deconstructing and launching new networks of meanings concerning the victim, the feminicide perpetrator and feminicide. Furthermore, how these media circulate acquires, in this space of dispute of meanings, a higher probability to propagate in gestures of interpretation not only of the media but also of the commentating-subjects. We also believe that by naming feminicide the MM, the AM and CS trigger meanings of criticism of the power relations engendered by patriarchalism as ideological formation, thus demarcating that violence by its structural, cultural and social basis. The importance of this study lies in the debate regarding the necessity to transform discursive and social practices by denouncing the various forms of violence against women, avoiding processes of revictimization of these women and their families.