Perfil de pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista em uso de risperidona - evidência de efetividade e reações adversas: uma revisão.

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition in children with distinct behavioral patterns associated with neurological, cognitive, and sensory alterations. Risperidone is frequently used to treat symptoms associated with ASD, such as irritability and aggressive behavior, and has been shown to be effective in reducing these symptoms, but it can face challenges such as side effects. Thus, the study aims to analyze whether risperidone is effective in treating symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder and to identify the outcomes related to its use. This study consists of an integrative literature review, carried out through a detailed analysis of documents, with a main focus on scientific articles between the years 2012 and 2025. The search for material occurred through the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Google Scholar, and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The following terms (keywords and delimiters) and combinations thereof were used: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), risperidone, psychotropic drugs, diagnosis, atypical antipsychotics, and adverse effects. In this context, 27 studies were selected to compose the results, in order to observe how risperidone proved to be effective in controlling irritability and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD, requiring dosage adjustments according to symptoms. The diagnosis was more common in boys, especially between 1 and 3 years of age, reinforcing the importance of early detection. Research has highlighted the importance of personalizing treatment and the use of atypical antipsychotics to reduce possible neurological effects. In a concise manner, the research demonstrated that a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and limitations related to the use of risperidone in managing ASD symptoms is essential to improve the quality of life of affected individuals and provide adequate support to their families.