Angiogênese como marcador tumoral para prognóstico e tratamento do câncer de pele: uma revisão da literatura.

Abstract

Skin cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in the world, and is classified as melanoma and non-melanoma, with the former standing out due to its high aggressiveness. Among the mechanisms that favor its progression, angiogenesis stands out, a process of formation of new blood vessels that provides nutritional support to the tumor and facilitates metastatic spread. This narrative review aims to describe the role of angiogenesis as a tumor marker in the prognosis and treatment of skin cancer, addressing the main pro- and anti-angiogenic factors involved. A literature review was performed in scientific databases and relevant articles were selected and analyzed. The results indicate that the overexpression of pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF and FGF-2, and the reduction of anti-angiogenic factors, such as thrombospondin-1 and endostatin, are directly related to greater tumor aggressiveness, lower survival rate and higher microvascular density. In addition to being considered an important prognostic marker, angiogenesis has also been the target of innovative therapeutic approaches, such as the use of specific inhibitors that block angiogenic signaling. It is concluded that understanding the regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis in skin cancer can contribute to the development of more effective therapies, promoting better clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.