A importância do trabalho na constituição e reprodução do ser social.

Abstract

This study has its basis in evidencing the importance of labour for the constitution and reproduction of the social being. To analyze the essence of labour while universal moment of social reproduction means to do a necessary theoretical abstraction for the understanding of the partial historical moments, that constitute the totality of the social reproduction, and in each of these moments, labour affirms its fundamental and central role for the production and reproduction of the world of men and of the social being. Labour in the marxian conception is a social activity that was created by men by the survival need. In this sense, we observed historically the several production and reproduction forms of existence of men, along the economical and social evolution of the history of humanity. Starting from the pre-capitalist economic formations until the origin of capital and the development of the capitalist mode of production, we observed the forms of property of labour, the organization of the labour processes and the worker's relationship with the object of labour. Initially the material production of the human existence is accomplished through the direct relationship of man with nature. When acting in nature men develop their potentialities creating a productive basis and social relationships that determine the social evolution of every historical moment. In the capitalist mode of production, there is a modification of the mode of production, in the form of the relationship of the worker with the product of his work and in the social relationships of production. The relationship of labour with capital dissolves the several forms which the labourer is owner of his subsistence means, instruments and products of his labour. Like this, the labour, that was based in the satisfaction of human needs, becomes just a mean for the labourer survival. With the development of the productive forces, of the social relationships and of the sociability, the form that men produce his existence moves away from the organic exchange with nature and labour began to acquire a more and more social form. However, this distancing from the natural barriers doesn't mean a rupture with nature, on the contrary, nature should remain eternally as the original base of the world of men and of the social being. With that we can say that not all of the human actions are labour, however, if the basic essence of the category labour didn't exist, no human activity would be possible and there would not be the world of men nor the social being.