Desenvolvimento de um protótipo e estudo de materiais para incrustação de sementes de colza.

Abstract

The small seeds make it difficult to use them in the mechanized planting, because it is not possible the correct regulation of the seeders, thus, occurring seed wastage in the field. Encrustation of seeds is a technique that solves this impasse, but it is restricted to the companies that own it. Due to this, this product has a high cost, making it difficult for small farmers to use it. In view of the above, this work aimed to develop and evaluate a prototype for seed encrustation and to study materials for encrustation of colza (canola) seeds. To achieve the objectives, the work was divided into four studies: (1) development and evaluation of a prototype for colza seed; (2) physiological response of colza seeds encrusted with different fillers (bentonite, gypsum and kaolin) and percent cement (20, 30, 40 and 50% PVA glue); (3) performance of colza seeds encrusted with filler materials (bentonite, gypsum and kaolin) and treated with fungicide (vitavax-thiran) and plant extract (Piper nigrum L.); (4) physiological quality of colza seeds encrusted with bentonite and treated with fungicide and vegetable extract during storage. All stages of the work were developed at the Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, belonging to the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba. The prototype is compact in size and can be used on a bench, meeting laboratory needs and/or small producers. Regarding the studies carried out with the materials, it is verified that the bentonite combined with 30% PVA glue is a promising combination for colza seed encrustation, in some cases, there are statistical similarities with the control. Regarding the treatment products, it was observed that the plant extract of black pepper did not negatively influence the germination of the seeds, unlike the fungicide. All encrustation materials negatively influenced seed germination and vigor during storage.