O processo de abertura comercial brasileiro e os impactos sobre a vitivinicultura gaúcha - 1980/1997.

Abstract

Starting from the beginning of the nineties, the Brazilian government gives beginning to an opening process of the national economy to the exterior, through expressive reductions in the aliquots of import of a wide range of products, what ended up altering the operation certain sections significantly. In this context, the present work looked for to analyze the particularities of the process of opening of the national economy, as well as the impacts of this initiative on the wine and grape production of Rio Grande do Sul. It was observed, therefore, that that process was marked by the unilateraly, what implied in a subordinate insert to the interests of the more advanced capitalist countries, reinforcing the liaisons of economic and political dependence that historically marked the relationship among the central and outlying countries. Now, a loss autonomy gradativa is observed in the execution of political macroeconomicas, what has been implying in a deterioration of the basic beginnings of the national sovereignty. In that way, the information analyzed in this study, indicated that these changes in the international scenery ended up harming the vitivinicultura gaucha. This section, that it was protected against the external competition through tariffs of high imports until the beginning of the nineties, starts to feel, starting from this moment, the effects of the opening politics. The most important impacts were observed in the area planted with videiras and in the production of grapes, that you/they passed of positive annual rates of growth between 1980 and 1989, for negative rates between 1990 and 1997, that is to say, after the beginning of the opening process. The total marketed with wines and derived and the total of grapes processed also presented significant fall, even so in relative terms. In relation to the trade balance vitivinicola, a growth was observed in the total exports and a quite significant increase in the total imports. This indicates that the fall in the internal variables was a compensation of the growth of the imports, what takes to end that happened a substitution of the production it interns for the production of the countries traditional vitivinicolas, as for example France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany and Chile.