Manejo integrado de microbacias hidrográficas no semiárido nordestino: um estudo de caso.

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to present a scientific methodology to provide elements for the Integrated Management of Hydrological Semi-arid Northeastern, highlighting parameters aimed at the retention of rainwater. For this purpose, the traditional techniques of integrated watershed management (diagnostics: physical-conservation, socioeconomic, environmental, vegetation, soil and auxiliary) were used, as well as complementary and specific techniques diagnosed for the region: construction of underground dams, construction of level dams (with old / used tires), external terraces built with treads and sides of old / used tires, among other rainwater retention techniques. Such diagnoses were developed in the Paus Brancos watershed in the municipality of Campina Grande - PB. All parameters considered in the diagnoses received weighted values ​​(weights) according to their best or worst environmental situation. As a function of the values, a preliminary mathematical model was deduced and, through regression analysis, a "forward" method, a definitive mathematical model was reached for the region under study through the use of the SPSS program ("Statistical Package for Social Sciences" ), version 7.5 for Windows (SPSS, 1996), where the 36 parameters (from a universe of 130) that were more adequate for the Integrated Management of Hydrographic Microbasins in the Northeastern Semi-Arid were defined through regression analysis. Soil and vegetation surveys were carried out throughout the watershed aiming at a better understanding of these Renewable Natural Resources, as well as to seek subsidies for future afforestation with essences native to the region and to select the most suitable areas for agricultural and forestry plantations, as predicted in research.