Análise dinâmica aplicada ao controle passivo de vibrações em estrutura do tipo pórtico incorporando minimolas superelásticas de nitinol.

Abstract

Mechanical vibrations are important phenomena of the physical world. Generally, such oscillations may become undesirable in such a way as to cause temporary damage or the actual collapse of mechanical and structural systems. In order to contain these effects, we have researched techniques that will control and/or minimize the implications of this phenomenon, ranging from passive methods to the use of controllers with smart materials. This study aims to analyze a passive vibration control system installed in a structure that simulates a two floors building and two degrees of freedom (2DOF). This system is based on the incorporation of two superelastic mini coil springs configurations (SMA–NiTi–SE) for energy dissipation and increase of structural damping. A modal and structural analysis was performed to evaluate the behavior of the system, from analytical, numerical and experimental methods. On an experimental basis, the response amplitudes of the structure were analyzed for system requirements in free, forced and transient (seismic) vibration in all configurations. Compared with the conventional steel spring structure, the forced vibration FRF’s analysis showed a reduction in transmissibility of up to 51% for the first vibrating mode and 73% for the second mode in the four mini coil springs individual configuration SMA. And these values increased to 55% and 85% respectively, in the eight mini coil springs double configuration SMA. As for the damping factors, there was a considerable increase in the order of 119% in the first mode and 109% in the second mode of vibration, in the mini coil springs individual configuration SMA. In the dynamic characterization the energy dissipated in the natural frequencies and amplitude of deformation was determined, validating the analysis and the passive control method employed.