Entre sonhos e desencantos: representações do migrante nordestino no cinema brasileiro da década de 1980.

Abstract

Study the northeastern migrants in Southeastern Brazil is a way to face with a relationship of power struggles. The internal migration had the twentieth century as the golden period. When the visitors and natives have met themselves, they produced representations to both. Such speeches permeated society in many ways, from government speeches to artistic expressions such as, painting, literature, music and cinema. The purpose of this study is to analyze the representations of Northeastern migrants in Brazilian cinema of the 1980s. The film source is understood as an important historical resource to understand how representations of Northeastern migrants intermingled forms of public entertainment and, therefore, were known in Brazil and abroad. It is an effort to understand the relationships of otherness that came to culminate in the formation of place of prejudice and geographical origin. It was noted in the selected temporality the highest concentration of audiovisual works dedicated to the theme of migrants in Brazilian cinema and therefore the interest in their study. Among this specificity of this film production period, three films stood out for bringing the discussion of migrants as a central theme and, therefore, were selected as study object: O Homem que Virou Suco (The man who turned juice) (1980), As aventuras de um paraiba (The Adventures of a paraíba) (1982) and O Baiano Fantasma (The phantom Bahia) (1984). This study had as theoretical reference, in the study of representations, the French historian Roger Chartier (2002; 2009) and for discussion of the relationship cinema and history appealed to Lagny (2009), Santiago Junior (2008; 2009; and 2012) and Barros (2012). The research was guided by the methodological analysis of the images, but the extra-filmic sources were not discarded, however, characterized the study by a diversified approach of sources, among them the posters, synopsis, movie reviews and articles in periodicals of the time, searching delimit the readings of the images remains in the 1980s. Moreover, the other movie productions on northeastern migrants were not disregarded, since the films are part of a cultural and industrial circuit and thus they have links and citations are references to each other. Migrants in films are commonly represented as archaic, backward, illiterate and wild, always in opposition to the natives of the Southeast. In the other words, there are built representational fields, where on the one hand there is the development and civility to the Southeast and on the other one the Northeast as its antagonism. Negative representations rejected by the natives are enforced on migrants, after all, they are vulnerable displaced and accountable for urban problems of Southeastern cities. Therefore, the natives of Southeast sought, consciously or not, to protect themselves against the constant migratory movement of the northeastern creating and propagating negative representations about them. To defend their social places was necessary to disqualify migrants to get them out of a possible dispute, so, think about the relation between northeastern and southeastern is thinking representational forces that oppose each other.