Extração de colágeno como forma de aproveitamento de resíduos gerados pelo beneficiamento da tilápia.

Abstract

In the processing of fish tilapia, the filet is the largest item of economic value, however this activity is generating wastes that are improperly disposed in the environment without any treatment causing environmental pollution problems. This way the fish waste recovery can be a way of generating work and income, besides reduce environmental problems. Obtaining collagen from such waste has drawn attention because of the emulsifying properties, the presence of foaming agents, colloidal stabilizers, ability to form biodegradable films, microencapsulating agents, with the possibility of replacing the synthetic material by natural. This study aimed to use skin and fins of tilapia for collagen extraction, therefore, two factorial designs were made 22 evaluating two types of extraction methods. In the first the boiling method, we evaluated the effect of temperature and time of exposure to this factor. Then, the acid-base method, there is the effect and NaOH concentrations (0.2 to 0.05 M) in function of the treatment time (30 to 50 min). In the method the boiling the highest yield was 15.5% in conditions of 60 0C / 6 h. In the acid-base method, the NaOH concentration it was the only one influenced that significantly the yield (p≤0.05), and the highest yield of 12.51% (0.1 NaOH in the immersion time of 40 min). The ashes values of the samples ranging from 5.20% to 2.21%. The protein content is between 92.56% and 74.32%. The analysis of the obtained collagen samples was presented in conformity with ANVISA standards.