PEREIRA, D. D.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9991335219423354; PEREIRA, Daniel Duarte.
Abstract:
In the Western Cariri of Paraíba, between 2006 and 2008, in the Federal Rural Assessment
Projects Eldorado dos Carajás e Novo Mundo, Feijão/Mandacaru, Serrote Agudo/Zé Marcolino,
Pinheiros, located in Camalaú, Sumé, Prata e Coxixola, respectively, was carried out a ResearchAction
by Embrapa Algodão/UniCampo/UFCG, emphasizing the desertification process with the
objective to minimize/mitigate it. If there isn’t an environmental precaution in the installation of
the Assessment Projects, it takes to hard expressions of agriculture and cattle raising process and
an increase in the environmental degradation. For an environmental adequacy and a recovery of
the degraded areas, Caatinga Management Unit with Agro Ecological Systems were implanted,
with its base in the caatinga vegetation, where crops like corn, been, cotton, Buffel grass, castor
been, Indian cactus, sisal and madacuru were introduced , with the objective to get agro ecological
coefficients. The Witness Areas, with caatinga not disturbed, when compared with Anthropic
Areas by Indian cactus and the degraded ones, presented the best values to the field capacity and
soil available water, Ca, SB, CTC e MO, medium values to MG, Al and H and low values to P, K
and pH. In all areas (Witness, Anthropic and Degraded) the values of Ca and Mg and the SB’s
and CTC’s and V% presented high. The Assessed People interviewed answered 50% positively
and 37,5% in a medium way to the management of the caatinga, in relation to
deforest/deforesting. The average time they spend to work 1,0 ha of caatinga is 26 days which
means saving 17% to plant Indian cactus, and it can generate 296 to351 units of wild products
and at least 1.302,70 kg/MS/ha, resulting in diversity distributed in 24 species and 14 botanical
families. Crops like Indian cactus, sisal and mandacaru were considered adequate to the Agro
Ecological Systems, although the production values got to corn and bean planted inside the
caatinga were very expressive. During all the research, was clear that the assessed people,
technicians and researchers need a better adequacy to the agro-ecological proposal and that the
social, economical and institutional interventions can contribute to create and make feasibly an
environmental planning that can be able to correct/quell the vulnerability of environments and
populations and the occurrence of the desertification process in the Assessment areas. Understand
the caatinga as an input and not as an obstacle to the production it is a way to cut the Roots of
Desertification, which really exist and is increasing by Agricultural Reformation badly planned
and badly executed.
