Comportamento fenomenológico de Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. Ex Benth. Em uma área de Caatinga no semiárido paraibano, Brasil.

Abstract

Phenology studies the development of the species relating them to the biotic and abiotic factors, each weather condition provides a single development. The objective of this work was to study the phenological characteristics of Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. Ex Benth., in a Caatinga area in the municipality of Sumé-PB, thus offering subsidies for ecological restoration of degraded areas and the ecosystem conservation in the Brazilian semiarid. In Experimental Space Reserved for Ecology Studies and Dynamics of Caatinga - Area I of Ecology and Botany Laboratory - LAEB / CDSA / UFCG were demarcated 96 contiguous plots of 10 X 10 m in an area of 1.05 ha. In these sample units 80 individuals were identified then were marked and monitored from January 2014 to January 2015.Through this monitoring were observed phenological stages (budding, flowering, fruiting, dispersal, leaf fall, fall flowers and fall fruit)and were analyzed together with local precipitation data. Precipitation data obtained for the city of Sumé-PB in 2014 showed that in the sample survey period, the average monthly rainfall was 647.5 mm and 1.2 mm in January 2015. For phenophases was evident that during most of the period evaluated subjects had vegetative stages (budding and leaf fall) and these occurred independently of precipitation form.Thus, because the species studied show leaf fall throughout the year, it can be considered semideciduous. Not all reproductive stages (flowering, fruiting and dispersal) were identified in its entirety, however all individuals had some type of reproductive stage during the monitoring period and when related to precipitation, which had a direct relationship was flowering. The fruit was related to the same variable, but not immediately, since the dispersion had an inverse relation with rainfall and is characterized as autocory. Also analyzed the fall of fruit and flowers, occurring less frequently, independently in the first six months and following an accompaniment pattern with precipitation in the remaining months. Therefore, it follows that occurred all phenological stages during the study period, and emphasized the relationship between flowering and fruiting with the seasonal factors of precipitation, demonstrating the relevance of phenological analysis for understanding the answers that define the ecology of this population.