Micropropagação e enraizamento de genótipos de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-do-carmim.

Abstract

The cultivation of cactus pear are more concentrated in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas, today estimated about 500,000 ha in the Northeast. Due to the attack of the carmine cochineal in plantations of the Northeast, approximately R$ 400 million was the damage caused to farmers of Paraíba. The plague of carmine cochineal affects plant development, causing stunting and yellowing, leading to death. The cactus pear has gained ground in the region, due to its use in animal feed during periods of drought and adaptability to environmental conditions. Genotypes of cactus pear resistant to the carmine cochineal have been identified. This study proposed the setting of protocols for large scale production of plantlets in vitro and test methods to rooting shoots of cactus pear genotypes resistant to the carmine cochineal. The first experiment was divided into four stages: induction of shoots, growth of shoots, shoot multiplication and assay with culture media, where different concentrations of the combination of sucrose and BA were evaluated for genotypes “Miúda” (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” (Opuntia stricta Haw). The second experiment was divided into three stages: establishment of buds, shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting of shoots, where the influence of different concentrations of growth regulators were evaluated on in vitro shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting of genotype “Baiana” (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck). Conclude that in the first experiment, the use of lower concentrations of sucrose and BAP satisfy the in vitro multiplication of genotypes “Miúda” and “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”, on the other hand, in the second experiment is not necessary to use growth regulators to ex vitro rooting of shoots of genotype Baiana obtained in vitro.