Dor recém-nascido pré-termo internado na UTI neonatal: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

During the neonatal period, the baby is very vulnerable to the action of biological agents, environmental, socioeconomic and cultural. Brazil has a rate of 9.2% of preterm infants, with prematurity being the cause of death of 24% of child deaths for children under 2 years. Much of the improved survival of preterm neonates is due to the advent of neonatal UTIs (Intensive Care Units), highly specialized in the care of critically ill newborns, but are however, quite stressful and uncomfortable environments, generating several different damages to the development of the newborn. The experience lived in a neonatal intensive care unit during the supervised training period made me raise a question: How is pain diagnosed and treated in preterm infants admitted by this type of service and how nursing can contribute to the improvement of their welfare, since they are constantly undergoing painful procedures? The overall objective is make an integrative review of the scientific literature on pain and its negative implications in preterm neonates under intensive care in a UTI. This research is a bibliographical nature, drawn from book consultations and research in the VHL (Virtual Health Library). Among the articles, 572 results were found, of which 131 were selected, and from these, 93 were read in full and used to build this study. These were divided into four categories in terms of subject matter, which are: “The pain of newborns in the UTI”, “Pain assessment in newborns”, “Management of the pain in the newborn” and “Relationship of nurse and family in the management of pain in newborns”. Once untreated, the pain produces physiologic and hemodynamic changes that compromise the well-being and clinical stability of the newborn. The following are all part of the topic: the study of painful manifestations, recognition of painful situations in the UTI, the use of scales to measure pain, the interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) used in their management and the relationship of the nurse-family binomial in the recovery. Finally, we highlight the importance of combining professional training and the technological apparatus to a more humanized care, a care more sensitive to newborns in intensive care.