Prospecção de enzimas de interesse industrial (celulase e amilase) a partir de fungos isolados da caatinga, Semiárido Paraibano.

Abstract

The production of amylases and cellulases by fungi was studied. The fungi were isolated on the Paraiba’s Semiarid and it were deposited in Coleção de Fungos do Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido/Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CDSA/UFCG). The Paraiba’s Semiarid is an extreme environment and this study represents a strategy to know the enzymatic diversity of organisms at risk of extinction due to the intense desertification process. Analyses were performed from 50 isolates of the collection, in which 23 showed no growth and 27 showed growth on PDA, these last fungi were used for verification of enzymatic activities. Ten fungi (37.04 %) showed amylolytic enzymatic activity and fourteen fungi (51.85 %) showed FPase enzymatic activity. Two medium culture based on BDA medium culture was utilized to optimization of production of amylases and whole cellulase after of verification of enzymatic activities. The second medium culture constituted only of agar and the carbon source (Meio II) showed good results of enzymatic index (IE) to the amylolytic enzymatic activity, in which CDSA 09 showed IE of 3.60 and CDSA 18 of 3.67. All fungi showed IE> 2 for FPase in Medium II, highlighting the CDSA 06, 12 CDSA, CDSA 20, and CDSA 69 with IE> 6. The CDSA 24 was the only fungus IE≥2 for FPase in medium composed of ¼ potatoes and other components of the PDA medium culture (Meio I). The other fungi evaluated Meio I showed IE <2 for amylase and FPase. The microculture technique allowed the identification of 88.89 % of the isolates, with 83.33 % belonging to the genus Aspergillus and to Penicillium genus 5.56 %, which are considered good producers of studied enzymes. Prospecting for enzymes of microorganisms isolated from the Caatinga, Paraiba’s Cariri, is extremely important to know the microbial biodiversity of this region that still underexplored.