Concepção, projeto e otimização de usinas de triagem e compostagem de lixo domiciliar no Estado da Paraíba - projeto piloto.

Abstract

The object of this dissertation was the elaboration of a reserch project of a unit for recycling and composting of domestic solid residue for cities with a population below thirty one thousand in habitants. A physical model of a machine to triturate urban garbage has been idealized, planned, optimized and tested in real scale in the composting unit of Esperança, a municipality at the state of Paraíba (Brazil). During the idealization of this project it was used a methodology of a morphologic matrix as a basic tool of analysis. Then it was possible through the global matrix analysis to monitory all parameters inherent to selection of a processing unit, according with the size of the municipality, permitting in this case a viable solution. To make a consistent monitory of the system was realized a study and analysis of various elements considered important, such as the relation cause/effect ogf the pollution and his impact on the environment, the conditions of basic sanitation in Brazil, especially at the state of Paraíba and to analyse the most important parameters that have influences on the most adequate choice in projects of this nature. The final main result of this research has demonstratred show that the projected and tested equipament permited to obtain a superior productivity in relation to that previous installed equipament at the unit of Esperança. Unfortunately it was not possible to construct the complete system due to the absence of financial support. However, a part of the system composed by a triturator was manufactured and gently donated by LABOREMUS (constructor of forage machines in Campina Grande - PB) and was tested and has obtained satisfactory results for a future research and application.