Fatores relacionados à mortalidade neonatal no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The infant mortality rate, interpreted as the risk of a live birth die before their first year of life is an important indicator of health of the population and is divided into neonatal and post- neonatal. In Brazil, this rate has shown steady decline in recent decades, although it still remains high. Currently, the neonatal component is primarily responsible for these deaths and is the number of deaths of infants occurring from birth to 27 days of life. It is therefore an important indicator that shows the reality of the socio-economic conditions, reproductive (especially maternal) and related to prenatal care, childbirth and newborn of a society. Knowing this, this integrative literature review aimed to identify the main risk factors contributing to neonatal mortality in Brazil, from the analysis of scientific productions . For the sample to be analyzed, was held in June 2015, a survey of publications indexed in the following databases: Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Medical Published - serviceofthe US National Library of Medicine (PubMed). The descriptors used were: "Neonatal Mortality", "Risk Factors" and "Brazil". Through the analysis of the selected articles and based on the results, it can be said that the main risk factors for neonatal mortality in Brazil in recent years are: prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 ° minutes of life, inadequate prenatal care, difficulties in access to health services and maternal conditions (such as age). Thus, interventions in the socioeconomic development of the population, actions on education and health, improving prenatal, childbirth care and care of newborns are effective measures to reduce and control of neonatal mortality rates and consequently child.