Avaliação de pré-tratamentos químicos no bagaço de sisal.

Abstract

The pre-treatment step (physical, chemical and combined) applied to plant biomass has been considered a determinant in the potentialization of the yield of high value-added chemical products and by-products that are obtained from the refining of lignocellulosic materials. A promising plant to be used as a substrate in biorefineries is sisal, as it has 90% fermentable sugars and 10% more cellulose than sugarcane, in addition to which Brazil is the largest sisal producer in the world, Being its bagasse obtained during its manufacture and discarded in the field, without applications technologies developed for its better use. Among the methods used to pre-treat biomass are those that use acid, alkaline and oxidizing agents. In this context, in order to perform an effective pretreatment in the sisal bagasse, pre-treatments were applied in this biomass aiming at the deconstruction of the barrier promoted by the recalcitrance inherent to the plants. These pre-treatments have the purpose of lignin removal, hemicellulose solubilization and cellulose exposure. In this work, acid (H2SO4) pre-treated with 1% acid concentration at 120ºC for 1h, alkaline (NaOH) with 4% alkaline concentration at 120ºC for 1h and oxidant (Fenton) with FeSO4 and H2O2 concentrations 4,25 And 5000 mmol, respectively for 1 h in the sisal bagasse. To determine the optimum conditions for the pre-treatments applied, the biomass submitted to the combined treatment (acid-base) was hydrolyzed through the commercial enzymes Celluclast 1.5L of Novozyme and beta-glucosidase of Proenzyme, obtaining a yield of 23,561 mg.L-1 of glucose, for the Fenton pretreatment the hydrolysis process was carried out using the optimum time of 36 h obtaining the concentration of 4987.28 mg.L-1 of glucose. For the evaluation of the pre-treatments and the enzymatic hydrolysis, the experimental factorial designs were applied. For the evaluation of the pre-treatments and the enzymatic hydrolysis, the experimental design was applied to the factorial. The biomasses were characterized by physical-chemical protocol (Embrapa 236) and instrumental techniques (TG / DTG and XRD) before and after of the pre-treatments, which evidenced the structural changes caused by them.