SANTOS, M. C. C. A.; SANTOS, Maria do Carmo Cardoso Almeida dos.
Resumo:
In Paraiba state, family farming is performing functions relevant to the growth and
development of the state and sustainability of rural families. The family farm is largely
responsible for the production of food and occupation of direct labor, opening new spaces of
jobs, contributing to the establishment of families in the countryside. These farmers and
farmers struggling against limitations of a social and economic and exploitation intensive
form the soil, using chemical fertilizers and defense, thereby contributing to the depletion of
the earth, the degradation of natural resources and the imbalance of nature. In this context,
there has been that problems related to conservation of natural resources is attracting attention
and concern of society, reaching stir the conscience , mobilizing the leaders and representing
groups of communities. This study aimed to evaluate by means of diagnosis socioeconomic
and environmental the state of degradation of the Oiti Microbasin-Lagoa Seca-PB, Brazil
prioritizing goals for recovery. The study was conducted on-site observation, visits and
interviews with 40% of heads of families of small farms that community. The methodology
was to Rocha (1997) adapted, in which were to evaluation factors social, economic,
technological, environmental and its variables. The variables social, economic and
technological contributed 64%, 35.74% and 31.62% respectively for the socioeconomic
deterioration of the Microbasin which is 48.51%. The size of the property is the largest
contributor to the decline of technological and economic variable influence greater
socioeconomic vulnerability of farmers and agriculture this community. In addition to these
factors 67.9% of heads of households using its own resources to finance production, 82.1% of
producers do not receive technical monitoring and 60% did not receive technical assistance.
The degradation of the environmental factor was 46.34%, contributing to the elevation of this
index the variable pesticide with 74.86%, complemented by the environment variable with
25.14%. The inadequate management of natural resources, related to contamination by
pesticides, chemical fertilizers, improper use of sewage, sanitation, solid waste, lack of soil
and water management and conservation practices favored the environmental degradation of
the Microbasin of Oiti.