Avaliação dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambiental da agricultura familiar na microbacia do Oiti, Lagoa Seca-PB.

Abstract

In Paraiba state, family farming is performing functions relevant to the growth and development of the state and sustainability of rural families. The family farm is largely responsible for the production of food and occupation of direct labor, opening new spaces of jobs, contributing to the establishment of families in the countryside. These farmers and farmers struggling against limitations of a social and economic and exploitation intensive form the soil, using chemical fertilizers and defense, thereby contributing to the depletion of the earth, the degradation of natural resources and the imbalance of nature. In this context, there has been that problems related to conservation of natural resources is attracting attention and concern of society, reaching stir the conscience , mobilizing the leaders and representing groups of communities. This study aimed to evaluate by means of diagnosis socioeconomic and environmental the state of degradation of the Oiti Microbasin-Lagoa Seca-PB, Brazil prioritizing goals for recovery. The study was conducted on-site observation, visits and interviews with 40% of heads of families of small farms that community. The methodology was to Rocha (1997) adapted, in which were to evaluation factors social, economic, technological, environmental and its variables. The variables social, economic and technological contributed 64%, 35.74% and 31.62% respectively for the socioeconomic deterioration of the Microbasin which is 48.51%. The size of the property is the largest contributor to the decline of technological and economic variable influence greater socioeconomic vulnerability of farmers and agriculture this community. In addition to these factors 67.9% of heads of households using its own resources to finance production, 82.1% of producers do not receive technical monitoring and 60% did not receive technical assistance. The degradation of the environmental factor was 46.34%, contributing to the elevation of this index the variable pesticide with 74.86%, complemented by the environment variable with 25.14%. The inadequate management of natural resources, related to contamination by pesticides, chemical fertilizers, improper use of sewage, sanitation, solid waste, lack of soil and water management and conservation practices favored the environmental degradation of the Microbasin of Oiti.