Uso da terapia com células-tronco para leucemia linfoide e mieloide.

Abstract

Leukemias are hematological neoplasms characterized by irregular proliferation of immature progenitor cells from hematopoiesis. Once installed, the pathology progresses rapidly, requiring that treatment be started soon after diagnosis. According to data from the National Cancer Institute (INCA), for the biennium 2018-2019, an estimated 10,800 new cases of patients diagnosed with some form of leukemia in Brazil are estimated. Recently, the possibility of treating hematological malignancies, such as lymphoid and myeloid leukemias (chronic and acute), from a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has allowed remission of the disease in several patients. This study aimed to characterize lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, their incidence in Brazil and the Northeast, as well as the usual therapies and the increasing use of stem cell therapy, analyzing its positive and negative points. For the execution of this work, a bibliographic survey on leukemias was carried out, emphasizing lymphoid and myeloid leukemias using the Pubmed database. Articles published in the last 10 years were considered. Leukemias are classified into four specific types: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Recently, approximately 13,470 cases of leukemia have been diagnosed throughout Brazil. Only 3,080 cases were reported in the Northeast region. There are several therapeutic procedures already available for use in individuals with some type of leukemia. However, there are a number of cases that are resistant to accessible therapies. Chemotherapy remains the classic treatment for various types of malignant neoplasms. There are four types of transplantation involving the use of stem cells for the treatment of leukemias. They are Autogenic, allogenic, syngeneic and haploidentical. It is notorious the number of cases that have already benefited after being submitted to a treatment of this species. However, we can not disregard the deficiencies still present in this therapy.