Metodologia para a recuperação de áreas degradadas no semiárido da Paraíba utilizando xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) e a macambira (Bromelia laciniosa).

Abstract

The study seeks to demonstrate through field research and laboratory, which plants native of the Caatinga, as xique-xique and macambira may be used in the recovery of degraded areas. The study area is located in a project called fixing the Serra do Monte, between the municipality the Cabaceiras and Boqueirao, both located in the micro Cariri Eastern state of Paraiba. In semi-arid region, various forms of natural resource use may lead to different anthropogenic processes that result in degradation. The vegetable and mineral extraction and overgrazing of pastures and native or cultivated agricultural use on crops which expose soil to erosion, linked to agricultural practices preservationists, are the main causes of the degradation processes that affect the region. The rationale for the study is given from the measurement and quantification of these two plants, gifts from natural and spontaneous way in the study area, cataloging, counting, and frequency of individuals of different species and families vegetating in its surroundings, the measurement of weights of dry matter present inside the "reboleiras" that they form the natural landscape. Although the study aimed to compare the results of analysis of soil sampled in the degraded areas, in comparison with samples taken inside the "reboleiras" of xique-xique at two depths. Evaluated the performance of the performance and efficiency of the rooting of vegetative propagation plants xique-xique e macambira and planted in 7 plots with 4 replications, between december 2008 and July 2009, we used a simple statistical analysis where it was found rates of fixation above 75% for all months of planting the two species planted. The study showed that both macambira as the xique-xique may well be used as tools in a program of rehabilitation of degraded areas, due to improvements in the soil physical structure and more percentage of organic matter present in their environment, and on further amount of species there can be perpetuated and the high rate of success in the months from December to July, also serves as the historical and cultural that could be used as an alternative to animal foraging.