Prevenção do câncer do colo uterino: o exame citopatológico na perspectiva de mulheres e enfermeiros.

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, cases of cervical cancer have been growing significantly in Brazil, increasing mortality rates among the female population. The Family Health Strategy is considered the opportune place for educational and preventive activities in the control of cervical cancer, and cytopathological examination is the main form of screening. Objective: To identify the barriers to the cytopathological examination, from the perspective of women and nurses of the Family Health Strategy, as well as strategies used by these professionals in the implementation of this measure of prevention of cervical cancer. Methodology: This is a descriptive, qualitative study carried out in the five Family Health Units of the urban area of Cuité, from May 2017 to July 2018. The research was developed with the nurses who make 9 up the units and with the women registered in the same ones who were within the age group (25 to 64 years) recommended by the Ministry of Health. The data were obtained through interview, through a semi-structured script and analyzed through the technique of content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: Noncompliance with the cytopathological examination is related to the socioeconomic, cultural and behavioral factors of the women, as well as the scarcity of information regarding the examination. Regarding nurses, despite the perceptions about the factors that hinder women's non-adherence, effective strategies to change this problem are not implemented. Final considerations: It was possible to identify during the study a constant lack of information and knowledge regarding the examination by the users, as well as the difficulty of the nurses' initiative in planning strategies that increase the adhesion of the women to the examination, which makes control and cytopathological examination coverage deficient. In this way, the study contributed to the identification of the main barriers imposed by women for noncompliance with the examination, collaborating with nurses to adapt and implement new strategies for the community, benefiting and contributing directly to the new actions to increase the rates of cervical cancer screening and prevention.