Investigação do índice tibial/braquial em pacientes com diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

In the context of global public health, Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that has shown to be on the rise, therefore, requires adequate and accessible interventions that promote early diagnosis and resolution, so that future complications and comorbidities are avoided. Given this assumption, the portable Doppler examination is presented with low cost, accessible and of high diagnostic value, being able to identify macrovascular changes early. Objectives: to investigate sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and vascular characteristics by ABI in patients with DM. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study, cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach, developed in the county of Cuité-PB. The study population consisted of patients with Diabetes Mellitus treated at Primary Health Care of the city. For data collection, an analysis instrument was used consisting of a questionnaire that was filled out by the researcher, containing items of identification of the sample, socioeconomic data and the objectives of the study. For analysis, the data were grouped in Excel - 2013 software and later transferred to the statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) - version 20.0. Results: The analysis of the study showed that of the 140 participants, there was a predominance of the female gender (63.6%), the elderly (68.5%), mean age 64.17 years, browns (46.4%), (45.7%), family income from a minimum wage (61.4%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (97.9%), use of oral hypoglycemic agents (93.5%), hyposporic and hypoglycemic (37,1%), diagnosis time of Diabetes mellitus ≥ 5 years (85.1%), edema (51.4%), normocorated skin (73.6%), warm to the touch (51.4%), turgor and elasticity (52.1%), altered hydration (67.1%), absence of hair in toes (56.4%), fissures (67.1%) and interdigital mycoses (66.4%), pain, predominance of burning type (31.4%), claudications absent for the most part (52.1%), but with cramps, mainly in the calf (33.6%). ABI according to age and time of diagnosis were: ≤ 59 years, 25.0% presented alterations in ABI (5.0% light ischemia and 20.0% calcification); Between 60 and 80 years, 43.5% presented alterations (8.6% light ischemia, 8.6% moderate ischemia and 26.3% calcification); ≥ 81 years 8.0% presented alteration (4.3% moderate ischemia and 3.7% calcification). Conclusion: There was a high frequency of ankle-brachial index changes in the sample studied, mainly calcifications. It is important to use this test as a low-cost, easy-to-operate, non-invasive and high acceptability method in the primary care practice of patients with increased vascular risk, especially when performed by a trained professional such as the Nurse.