Estudo da aplicação de argilas para atenuação de metais pesados destinadas à aplicação em aterro de resíduo industrial.

Abstract

This project aims to characterize and evaluate national clays in the attenuation of heavy metals in order to use layered retention industrial landfills. The first part of this work focuses on the characterization of clays and Gray Brasgel through techniques: X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive, Cation Exchange Capacity, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region and Nitrogen Physissorption. Once characterized, the clays were evaluated for their capacity to remove (qeq) and its percentage of removal (%Rem) of metals (zinc and lead) present in synthetic wastewater, through a finite bath system. We used a 22 factorial design evaluating two input variables: initial concentration of heavy metals (10, 30 and 50ppm) and pH (3, 4 and 5). The second part of this work aims to use the clay with the greatest potential removal in the treatment of a synthetic solid waste (containing zinc and lead) for possible use in layers to retain industrial landfills. With the analysis of X-ray diffraction, microscopy and chemical composition were proven that the gray clay is composed of a mixture of the group of clay minerals kaolinite and mica clay Brasgel and that has as the predominant clay mineral smectite. The results showed the best clay Brasgel as adsorbent of heavy metals (zinc and lead) when compared to gray clay. The kinetic and equilibrium tests proved that the clay Brasgel has great capacity to adsorb metal ions.