Utilização de modelos digitais de elevação na análise da degradação ambiental do município de Soledade-PB.

Abstract

Considering the vegetation, an indicator of environmental quality parameters, this study aimed to using GIS techniques and remote sensing to map land cover and land use in the municipality of Soledad, from the spectral indices and evaluate the distribution of vegetation in slope classes as subsidy degradation analysis using algebraic language and modeling. For analysis we used the program ERDAS radiometric and atmospheric correction of images acquired in sobprogram Model Maker in SPRING satellite images LANDSAT 5-TM has been used to generate corrected NDVI and crossed through a LEGAL with the SRTM images to generate map of distribution of vegetation for slope. We generated graphs of rainfall during the collection of images from the data of the AESA, as were also generated graphs relating to agricultural production and livestock from the IBGE. As a result we obtained maps of vegetation and the distribution map of vegetation in slope. It can be concluded that there was a recovery of the local vegetation, as the class of sparse vegetation, dense transition and found an increase of 20,53%, 33,46% and 6,06% respectively, the vegetation classes are distributed in Most classes of zero slope and slight totaling 530,16 km2 accounting for 94,53% of the total area, and slope classes moderate, strong, very strong and very strong totaling 3,7 km and occur in Entisols Soils Eutrophic . In assessing the degradation of the vegetation was recovered in 76,06% area. In slope classes very strong and extremely strong there occurrence of exposed soil are areas abandoned by agriculture, mainly due to the occurrence of shallow soils and rocky outcrops classified as class VIII usability. The dense vegetation occurs on the slope classes stronger and covers a larger area in the nil and slight slopes, where there were the typical Orthic Quartzipsamments associated Planossolo Natrico orthic. The mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) is the main plant species that occurs in the areas of zero and a slight slope. . Over the years there was a reduction in the area used for agriculture with the cultivation of sisal and cotton and a significant increase in livestock semi-extensive and extensive flock of goats and poultry.