Estudo fitoquímico de Libidibia ferrea como fonte de moléculas bioativas úteis à sociedade.

Abstract

Medicinal plants from ancient times are used for therapeutic purposes. Currently many plant species and plants are objects of phytochemical studies, given their vast potential as a source of economical materials. Libidibia ferrea is a medicinal plant known for its use in folk medicine for the treatment of wounds, bruises, diarrhea, asthma, bronchitis and chronic cough. However, there is a need for studies to understand its chemical composition. The objective of this study was to study the potential of this potential to be explored and its great benefits in folk medicine. The objective of this work was to study the phytochemical of L. ferrea as a source of bioactive molecules useful to society, promoting the extraction of secondary metabolites, identification of groups of secondary metabolites present in the extract, making the liquid-liquid fractionation of the obtained extract and characterizing by chromatographic technique the extract and fractions obtained. For that, extractive, chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used. A crude hydroethanolic extract of fruits L. ferrea was obtained in an estimated yield of 67.74 g. In the case of the liquid-liquid fractionation of the crude hydroethanolic extract, it was possible to obtain 2.7 g of the acetate phase, 918.8 mg of the ethyl ether phase, 119.6 mg of the chloroform phase and 22.7 mg of the hexane phase. The analysis of phytochemical semi-quantification allowed the presence of low amounts of flavonoids and high amount of polyphenols in the obtained extract. Preliminary prospecting together with reports in the literature led to the observation of tannin concentrations in the extracts and fractions obtained, and indicated the absence of alkaloids and flavonoids in the fractions. In addition, the chromatographic profile, in order to characterize the extract and fractions obtained, was obtained from high performance liquid chromatography. The work contributed with the chemotaxonomic knowledge of L. ferrea, for a better understanding of its use in folk medicine and for further studies of biological activity and isolation of bioactive molecules useful to society.