Modelagem do impacto das mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo no microclima sobre área de cerrado no Amapá.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of weather patterns, surface fluxes and local atmospheric circulations over natural ecosystems and changes in use and cover of land in eastern Amazon. It was studied two representative biomes, Amazon forest and cerrado, and one anthropic biome, eucalyptus silviculture, using sensor images Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard the Terra satellite, and numerical simulations with Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS). From three different images MODIS / Terra was observed that the vegetation plays an important role on the local microclimate, so that the cerrado conversion in eucalyptus forest reduced albedo (αs) and surface temperature (Ts); increased net radiation (Rn) and latent heat flux (LE) and reduced ground heat flux (G0) and sensible heat (H). Overall, the sensible and latent heat fluxes estimated by S-SEBI algorithm, using MODIS/Terra images, varied according to the type of land use/cover and responded to biophysical changes in the regions under study, showing coherence in spatial distribution and agreement with the values found in other studies. In the simulations with BRAMS, the most statistically significant impacts, either in changes in land use, as replacing the cerrado by eucalyptus, either in land cover, as reducing vegetation, occurred in the ratio of water vapor mixture and wind speed, both on the cerrado. It was also observed in both scenarios a considerable increase in air temperature, but without statistical significance. The BRAMS model sensitivity analysis for three different values of minimum stomatal resistance of a eucalyptus forest (100, 200 and 500 s.m-1), in the formation of local atmospheric circulations, showed that it was sensitive to changes proposals.In the scenario with stomatal resistance of 100 s.m-1, for example, the induced circulation promoted an increase in accumulated precipitation on the target 'cerrado' when compared with the control simulation. Different of scenarios with stomatal resistance of 100 and 200 s.m-1, the circulation formed in the scenario with stomatal resistance of 500 s.m-1, produced a volume of precipitation over tropical rain forest not observed in other simulations.